"Complex system" Summay

Reference: Wikipedia, Complex system

This article largely discusses complex systems as a subject of mathematics and the attempts to emulate physical complex systems with emergent properties. For other scientific and professional disciplines addressing complexity in their fields see the complex systems article and references. Also see: "Complex systems" Summary




A complex system is a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibit one or more properties (behavior among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties of the individual parts.[1]

A system’s complexity may be of one of two forms: disorganized complexity and organized complexity.[2] In essence, disorganized complexity is a matter of a very large number of parts, and organized complexity is a matter of the subject system (quite possibly with only a limited number of parts) exhibiting emergent properties.

Examples of complex systems that complexity models are developed for include ant colonies, human economies and social structures, climate, nervous systems, cells and living things, including human beings, as well as modern energy or telecommunication infrastructures. Indeed, many systems of interest to humans are complex systems.

Complex systems are studied by many areas of natural science, mathematics, and social science. Fields that specialize in the interdisciplinary study of complex systems include systems theory, complexity theory, systems ecology, and cybernetics.

Contents
1 Overview
2 History
3 Types of complex systems
3.1 Chaotic systems
3.2 Complex adaptive systems
3.3 Nonlinear system
4 Topics on complex systems
4.1 Features of complex systems
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links

To be continued
14:15 　2010/08/19